Genus: Plesiosaurus non CONYBEARE, 1821

Species: trochanterius (OWEN, 1840) SEELEY, 1874
Etymology:
= Plesiosaurus trochanterius OWEN, 1840
= Plesiosaurus (Pliosaurus) trochanterius (OWEN, 1840) OWEN, 1841
= Pliosaurus trochanterius (OWEN, 1840) PHILLIPS, 1871
= Cimoliosaurus trochanterius (OWEN, 1840) LYDEKKER, 1889
= Cryptocleidus trochanterius (OWEN, 1840) SAUVAGE, 1911

Holotype: 31787

Locality: Shotover Hill, Oxfordshire or Christian Malford, Wiltshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay, or Oxford Clay.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Oxfordian or Kimmeridgian Stage, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material: Femur.

Referred material:

BENTON & SPENCER, 1995

Locality: Roswell Pits, Ely, (TL 555808, TL 552807), Cambridgeshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Lower Kimmeridge Clay.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Early Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given:

 

BROWN, 1981

Locality: Shotover, Oxfordshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

BMNH R 31785: Left femur.

BMNH R 31795: Left humerus.

 


Locality: Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

BMNH R 40107: Left Femur.

 


Locality: Unknown, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

BMNH R 46479: Right humerus of a juvenile.

 


Locality: Downham Market, Norfolk County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

CMNH 15.72(2): Left femur, tibia, fibula, 2 distal tarsals and several phalanges.

 

Locality: Coppock's Pit, Shotover, Oxfordshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

MM LL 5513: Right humerus.

MM LL 5514: Left humerus.

MM LL 5515: Left scapula.

MM LL 5516: Coracoid.

MM LL 5517: Coracoid.

MM LL 5518a-d: 2 ulnae, 1 Ulnare and a carpal.

 

BROWN, 1984

Locality: Portland, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

DORCM: Fragmentary skeleton.

 

DELAIR, 1959

Locality: Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

BMNH R 205: Saurian bones.


Locality: Kimmeridge, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.


Material:

BMNH R 5739: Fragments.

BMNH 40975: Saurian bones.

 


Locality: Beneath a coastguard station (National Grid Reference: S"Y 706722), Island of Portland, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

DORCM G. 181: 2 dorsal, 1 pectoral, 2 dorsal and 7 caudal vertebrae, 8 pectoral/dorsal ribs, 14 gastralia, left coracoids, right ilia, pubes, right ischia, left humerus, epipodials/mesopodials/ 1st metacarpal 3, and 19 phalanges 2nd-5th metacarpal.

Note: Muraenosaurus sp by J. B. Delair.

 


Locality: England.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Late Jurassic.

Material:

SBJ Stephen Bankler-Jukes: 4 cervicals, and 3 dorsal vertebrae, 17 pectoral/dorsal rigs, 4 sacral ribs, 26 gastralia, right coracoid, 9 epipodials/ mesopodials/ 1st metacarpal, 21 phalanges/ 2nd-5th metacarpal.

 

Locality: Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

BMNH 40106: 1 cervical, 1 pectoral, and 1 dorsal vertebrae, 2 rigs, 11 gastralia, left ilium, left ischia, 1 phalange.

Sedgwick Museum Cambridge specimen J. 29596: Fragmentary skeleton.

 


Locality: Shotover, Oxfordshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Manchester Museum LL.5513-8: Fragmentary skeleton.

 

DELAIR & WIMBLEDON, 1995

Locality: Quainton, Buckinghampshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Lowest Beds, Portland Stone.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

BMNH: Centra.

OUM: Centrum.

 


Locality: Preston, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: ‘oolite’, Portland Stone.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given:

 

 

Locality: Ridgeway, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: ‘upper’ beds, Portland Stone.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

DCM: Centrum.

 


Locality: Winspit Quarry, Isle of Purbeck, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: ‘stone’, Portland Stone.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

SMC: Centra.

 

Locality: Little beach, NE of Verne, Isle of Portland, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: ‘stone’, Portland Stone.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given: Centrum.

 

 

Locality: Tisbury, Wilthsire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: ‘upper’ beds, Portland Stone.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

BMNH: Centra.

 

= Cimoliosaurus [sic!] portlandicus MADZIA, SZCZYGIELSKI & WOLNIEWICZ, 2021

Locality: Brzustowka (Brzostowka), Krzyzanowice, Poland.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Tithonian stage, Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given: Vertebral centrum.

 

OWEN, 1854

Locality: Oxfordshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 212: A crushed posterior cervical centrum.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 213: Dorsal centrum.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 214: Dorsal vertebra of a young individual.

 


Locality: Unknown.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Unknown.

Material:

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 217: Proximal end of a humerus.

 


Locality: Shotover Hill, Oxfordshire County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 219: Cast of a femur.

 

PERRSON

Locality: Tour Croy, near Wimereux, Pas-de-Calais Department, France.

Horizon: Middle Portlandian.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given: Vertebrae.

 


Locality: Chukino, the Moscow Basin, European Russia.

Horizon: Portlandian.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given: Vertebrae.

 

SAUVAGE, 1894

Locality: Boulannais, France.

Horizon: Middle Potlandian.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given:

 

= Pliosaurus portlandicus OWEN, 1869
Etymology: In reference to the Isle of Portland, Dorset County, England.
= Cimoliosaurus portlandicus (OWEN, 1869) LYDEKKER, 1889
= Colymbosaurus portlandicus (OWEN, 1869) SEELEY, 1892

Holotype: BMNH 40640

Locality: Isle of Portland, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Portland Oolite.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material: Right femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpals and a few phalanges.

Referred material:

DELAIR, 1959

Locality: Smallmouth Sands, Weymouth, (SY 669764-SY 672772), Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Lower Kimmeridgian Clay.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Early Kimmeridgian Stage, Middle Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given:

 

Locality: Preston, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Portland beds.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given:

 

Locality: Ridgeway, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Portland beds.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given:

 

LYDEKKER, 1889

Locality: Isle of Portland, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Portland Oolite.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given: Cervical, dorsal and caudal vertebrae.

 


LYDEKKER, 1889

Locality: Cinder Bed, Isle of Purbeck, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Middle Purbeck.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Uppermost Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

BMNH R1607: 2 centra.

 

LYDEKKER, 1889

Locality: Isle of Portland, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Portland Oolite.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

BMNH R1674: The flattened centrum of a middle or posterior cervical vertebra.

BMNH R1674a: One of the bones situated between the propodials and phalangelas.

BMNH R1674b: A crushed phalangeal bone, associated with the 2 proceedings specimens.

BMNH R 1678: An associated series of 18 vertebral centra of a young individual.

BMNH R1676: Slab showing the dorsal aspect of left coracoid.

BMNH R1677: A bone which is probably an ischium of an immature individual.

BMNH R1606: The slightly imperfect centrum of an anterior or middle cervical.

 

LYDEKKER, 1890

Locality: Isle of Portland, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon: Middle Purbeck.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Uppermost Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given: 2 cervical centra.

 

PERRSON

Locality: Auvringhen, France.

Horizon: Upper Portlandian.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.

Material:

Number: Not given: Vertebrae.

 

SAUVAGE, 1894

Locality: Boulannias, France.

Horizon: Upper Portlandian.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Tithonian Stage, Upper Malm Epoch, Late Jurassic.
.
Material:

Number: Not given:

 

= Plesiosaurus macrodeirus SEELEY, 1869
Etymology:

Holotype:

Locality:

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age:

Material:

 

= Plesiosaurus manselii HULKE, 1870
Etymology:
= Plesiosaurus manseli LYDEKKER, 1888 (sic)
= Muraenosaurus manselli SEELEY, 1874 (sic)
= Muraenosaurus manselii (HULKE, 1870) SAUVAGE, 1879
= Colymbosaurus manselii (HULKE, 1870) SEELEY, 1892

Holotype: BMNH R 40106, originally catalogued (Lydekker 1889) 40106,
40107a, 40107b, 40108a, 42496 and 42496a.

Locality: Cliffs east of Clavell's Tower, Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset County, England, Southern United Kingdom.

Horizon:

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Lias Epoch, Early Jurassic.

Material: Vertebrae, pieces of 2 humeri and several incomplete flat bones.

Note: According to Benton and Spencer, 1995,

Locality: Kimmeridge Bay, Gaulter Gap-Broad Bench, Dorset, England.

Horizon: Kimmeridge Clay, Early Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Species: svalbardensis (PERSSON, 1962) KNUTSEN, DRUCKENMILLER & HURUM, 2012a
= Tricleidus svalbardensis PERSSON, 1962 (nomen dubium)
Etymology: In reference to Svalbard Island, Norway.

Holotype: PMO A 27745

Locality: East slope of Konusdalen, southeast of Deltaneset, near the Sassen Fjord, West Spitzberg, Svalbard Island, Norway.

Horizon: Upper part of the Slottsmoya Member, Agardhfjellet Formation.

Biostratigraphy:

Age: Middle Volgian (Tithonian Stage), Upper Malm Epoch, Upper Late Jurassic.

Material: Vertebrae (dorsal, sacral and caudal vertebrae) partial pelvic girdle, one nearly complete, and one partial hind limb.

Referred material:

KNUTSEN, DRUCKENMILLER & HURUM, 2012a

PMO 216.838: Two partial hind limbs, two nearly complete caudal vertebrae, unprepared pelvic fragments and ribs.

PMO 218.377: Two partial limbs (possible fore and hind) and fragmentary vertebral remains.

ROBERTS, DRUCKENMILLER, DELSETT, & HURUM, 2016, 2017

PMO 222.663: 14 dorsal and 3 sacral vertebrae, a nearly complete caudal series, coracoids, partial interclavicle-clavicle comlex, both ilia, 4 propodials, most of the epipodials, and several more distal limb elements.